HF2527: Climate Effects Limited Liability

Limits civil or criminal liability for damages or injuries allegedly caused by the actual or potential effects on climate from greenhouse gas emissions, specifically those from agricultural or renewable fuel sources. Defendants are protected from liability unless it is proven, by clear and convincing evidence, that they violated a statutory greenhouse gas emission limit or an express permit term. The bill further clarifies that it does not create a new private right of action or judicial remedy based on greenhouse gas emissions' effects on climate.

Key Points & Impacts

• Provides immunity from civil and criminal liability for alleged climate impacts caused by greenhouse gas emissions, unless specific legal violations are proven.

• Covers greenhouse gases originating from agricultural sources (e.g., farm animals, crops) and renewable fuel sources.

• Defines relevant terms including 'agricultural commodity,' 'agricultural source,' 'greenhouse gas,' and 'regulatory authority.'

• Requires plaintiffs to specify the particular greenhouse gas emitted and prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that direct and unavoidable harm resulted from a violation of an enforceable statute or permit.

• District courts must find clear and convincing evidence of statutory or permit violations for liability to attach.

• Immunity applies regardless of the type of legal or equitable relief sought in civil or criminal actions.

• Explicitly states that the chapter does not create new rights to sue or new judicial remedies related to greenhouse gas emissions' climate effects.

• Limits liability only when emissions are within legal limits or permit conditions, making regulatory compliance a key shield against lawsuits.

Signed by Governor April 30, 2026. Takes effect July 1, 2026.